Absalom Jones - Revision history

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	'''Absalom Jones''' (1746-1818) was a Philadelphia religious leader who became the first African American priest ordained in the Episcopal Church~~, his establishment of~~ St. Thomas African Episcopal Church ~~creating~~ an institution that served Black Philadelphia for generations. Born into slavery in Delaware, Jones purchased ~~first~~ his wife's freedom ~~and~~ then his own before rising to religious leadership that ~~demonstrated~~ what enslaved people could achieve ~~when~~ emancipation ~~allowed~~ their abilities ~~to flourish~~. His partnership with Richard Allen in establishing independent Black churches, ~~and~~ his service during the 1793 yellow fever epidemic, ~~established~~ him ~~among~~ Philadelphia's most significant early African American leaders.<ref name="douglass">{{cite book \|last=Douglass \|first=William \|title=Annals of the First African Church in the United States of America \|year=1862 \|publisher=King & Baird \|location=Philadelphia}}</ref>		'''Absalom Jones''' (1746-1818) was a Philadelphia religious leader who became the first African American priest ordained in the Episcopal Church. He founded [[St. Thomas African Episcopal Church]], an institution that served Black Philadelphia for generations. Born into slavery in Delaware, Jones purchased his wife's freedom first, then his own, before rising to religious leadership that showed what enslaved people could achieve once emancipation opened doors to their abilities. His partnership with [[Richard Allen]] in establishing independent Black churches, combined with his service during the 1793 yellow fever epidemic, made him one of Philadelphia's most significant early African American leaders.<ref name="douglass">{{cite book \|last=Douglass \|first=William \|title=Annals of the First African Church in the United States of America \|year=1862 \|publisher=King & Baird \|location=Philadelphia}}</ref>

	== From Slavery to Freedom ==		== From Slavery to Freedom ==

	Absalom Jones was born into slavery on November 6, 1746, in Sussex County, Delaware, brought to Philadelphia as a household slave when ~~his master~~ relocated. ~~His determination~~ to ~~achieve literacy~~, ~~acquiring~~ spelling books and ~~learning to read against~~ the ~~prohibitions that slavery~~ imposed~~, demonstrated abilities that bondage could not entirely contain~~. ~~His work~~ in his master's store, ~~and his~~ entrepreneurial efforts ~~during hours~~ he ~~could call his own, allowed him to accumulate~~ the funds that freedom ~~required~~.<ref name="nash">{{cite book \|last=Nash \|first=Gary B. \|title=Forging Freedom: The Formation of Philadelphia's Black Community, 1720-1840 \|year=1988 \|publisher=Harvard University Press \|location=Cambridge}}</ref>		Absalom Jones was born into slavery on November 6, 1746, in Sussex County, Delaware. His master brought him to Philadelphia as a household slave when the family relocated. He taught himself to read. Against slavery's prohibitions, he acquired spelling books and learned despite everything the system imposed on him. Working in his master's store gave him chances to save money. In his own hours, he took on entrepreneurial efforts. Slowly, painstakingly, he accumulated the funds that freedom cost.<ref name="nash">{{cite book \|last=Nash \|first=Gary B. \|title=Forging Freedom: The Formation of Philadelphia's Black Community, 1720-1840 \|year=1988 \|publisher=Harvard University Press \|location=Cambridge}}</ref>

	~~His purchase of~~ his wife Mary's freedom ~~in 1770 demonstrated priorities that placed family~~ before ~~self, his~~ own freedom ~~not achieved~~ until 1784 when he was nearly forty years old. ~~The~~ decades of saving that ~~these purchases required showed~~ determination ~~that obstacles could not diminish~~. ~~His transition to freedom in~~ Philadelphia~~, with its~~ relatively large free Black community, provided opportunities that other ~~locations could not match~~.<ref name="douglass"/>		In 1770, he purchased his wife Mary's freedom. Family came before himself. His own freedom didn't come until 1784, when he was nearly forty years old. That meant decades of saving, years of sacrifice. Obstacles couldn't diminish that kind of determination. Philadelphia's relatively large free Black community provided opportunities that few other places offered at the time.<ref name="douglass"/>

	~~His religious involvement~~ at St. George's Methodist Episcopal Church, where he and Richard Allen served as lay preachers to Black congregants~~, established the~~ partnership ~~that~~ would create independent Black churches. ~~The incident~~ in 1787 ~~when white~~ trustees pulled ~~them~~ and other Black worshipers from their knees during prayer ~~precipitated withdrawal~~ that ~~led to separate institutional development~~. ~~While~~ Allen ~~remained committed to~~ Methodism, Jones ~~pursued~~ Episcopal affiliation that ~~his congregation preferred~~.<ref name="nash"/>		He got involved religiously at St. George's Methodist Episcopal Church, where he and Richard Allen served as lay preachers to Black congregants. This partnership would eventually create independent Black churches. But in 1787, everything changed. White trustees pulled Jones, Allen, and other Black worshipers from their knees during prayer. They withdrew after that. Allen stayed with Methodism, but Jones's congregation preferred Episcopal affiliation, so he moved in that direction.<ref name="nash"/>

	== Founding St. Thomas ==		== Founding St. Thomas ==

	Jones established St. Thomas African Episcopal Church in 1794, the first Black Episcopal congregation in America. ~~His pursuit of~~ Episcopal ~~orders—he was ordained~~ deacon in 1795 and priest in ~~1802—made him~~ the first African American priest in that denomination. The church ~~he founded provided~~ spiritual home ~~for Black Philadelphians who preferred Episcopal~~ worship while ~~establishing~~ institutional independence that Methodist affiliation might have ~~compromised~~.<ref name="douglass"/>		Jones established [[St. Thomas African Episcopal Church]] in 1794. It was the first Black Episcopal congregation in America. He pursued Episcopal orders with determination. Ordained deacon in 1795 and priest in 1802, he became the first African American priest in that denomination. The church gave Black Philadelphians a spiritual home aligned with their worship preferences while securing institutional independence that Methodist affiliation might have threatened.<ref name="douglass"/>

	His leadership during the 1793 yellow fever epidemic, alongside ~~Allen, demonstrated service that racism would soon ignore or slander~~. When white Philadelphians fled ~~the city~~ and medical authorities ~~could not contain the disease~~, Jones and Allen organized ~~Black citizens~~ to nurse the sick, remove the dead, and ~~maintain~~ services ~~that~~ would ~~otherwise have~~ collapsed. Their published response ~~to subsequent accusations—that~~ Black nurses had profiteered or ~~been negligent—defended their community's honor against~~ lies ~~that served~~ racist purposes.<ref name="nash"/>		His leadership during the 1793 yellow fever epidemic proved his character. He and Allen worked alongside each other. When white Philadelphians fled and medical authorities proved helpless, Jones and Allen organized their community to nurse the sick, remove the dead, and keep essential services running. Philadelphia would've collapsed without them. Their published response defended their community against accusations that Black nurses had profiteered or shown negligence. Those were lies serving racist purposes, and they said so directly.<ref name="nash"/>

	~~His pastoral work at~~ St. Thomas continued until his death~~, his leadership establishing the~~ congregation as center of Black Philadelphia's religious and civic life. His sermons, ~~some~~ published during his lifetime, ~~addressed~~ both spiritual and social ~~concerns~~, ~~his opposition to slavery consistent with~~ his own experience of bondage. ~~The petition~~ he led to Congress ~~in 1800,~~ opposing the slave trade and seeking gradual emancipation~~, demonstrated willingness~~ to engage political authority despite the limitations ~~that~~ racism imposed.<ref name="douglass"/>		At St. Thomas, his pastoral work continued until his death. The congregation became a center of Black Philadelphia's religious and civic life under his guidance. His sermons, published during his lifetime, tackled both spiritual and social questions. He opposed slavery consistently, drawing on his own experience of bondage. In 1800, he led a petition to Congress opposing the slave trade and seeking gradual emancipation. He was willing to engage political authority despite the limitations racism imposed.<ref name="douglass"/>

	== Legacy ==		== Legacy ==

	Absalom Jones died on February 13, 1818~~, his~~ leadership ~~having~~ established institutions and precedents that served ~~subsequent~~ generations. St. Thomas African Episcopal Church, though ~~later~~ relocated~~, continues as active congregation that honors his founding~~. His feast day, February 13, is celebrated in the Episcopal Church's liturgical calendar~~, recognition that his~~ denomination eventually ~~provided to~~ its pioneering Black priest. Jones ~~represents~~ what enslaved people could achieve when freedom and opportunity aligned~~, his~~ Philadelphia career ~~demonstrating~~ abilities that bondage ~~had~~ suppressed but ~~could not~~ destroy.<ref name="nash"/>		Absalom Jones died on February 13, 1818. His leadership established institutions and precedents that served generations afterward. [[St. Thomas African Episcopal Church]] still exists as an active congregation, though it relocated from its original site. His feast day, February 13, is celebrated in the Episcopal Church's liturgical calendar. The denomination eventually recognized its pioneering Black priest. Jones shows what enslaved people could achieve when freedom and opportunity aligned. His Philadelphia career demonstrated abilities that bondage suppressed but couldn't destroy.<ref name="nash"/>

	== See Also ==		== See Also ==

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'''Absalom Jones''' (1746-1818) was a Philadelphia religious leader who became the first African American priest ordained in the Episcopal Church, his establishment of St. Thomas African Episcopal Church creating an institution that served Black Philadelphia for generations. Born into slavery in Delaware, Jones purchased first his wife's freedom and then his own before rising to religious leadership that demonstrated what enslaved people could achieve when emancipation allowed their abilities to flourish. His partnership with Richard Allen in establishing independent Black churches, and his service during the 1793 yellow fever epidemic, established him among Philadelphia's most significant early African American leaders.<ref name="douglass">{{cite book |last=Douglass |first=William |title=Annals of the First African Church in the United States of America |year=1862 |publisher=King & Baird |location=Philadelphia}}</ref>

== From Slavery to Freedom ==

Absalom Jones was born into slavery on November 6, 1746, in Sussex County, Delaware, brought to Philadelphia as a household slave when his master relocated. His determination to achieve literacy, acquiring spelling books and learning to read against the prohibitions that slavery imposed, demonstrated abilities that bondage could not entirely contain. His work in his master's store, and his entrepreneurial efforts during hours he could call his own, allowed him to accumulate the funds that freedom required.<ref name="nash">{{cite book |last=Nash |first=Gary B. |title=Forging Freedom: The Formation of Philadelphia's Black Community, 1720-1840 |year=1988 |publisher=Harvard University Press |location=Cambridge}}</ref>

His purchase of his wife Mary's freedom in 1770 demonstrated priorities that placed family before self, his own freedom not achieved until 1784 when he was nearly forty years old. The decades of saving that these purchases required showed determination that obstacles could not diminish. His transition to freedom in Philadelphia, with its relatively large free Black community, provided opportunities that other locations could not match.<ref name="douglass"/>

His religious involvement at St. George's Methodist Episcopal Church, where he and Richard Allen served as lay preachers to Black congregants, established the partnership that would create independent Black churches. The incident in 1787 when white trustees pulled them and other Black worshipers from their knees during prayer precipitated withdrawal that led to separate institutional development. While Allen remained committed to Methodism, Jones pursued Episcopal affiliation that his congregation preferred.<ref name="nash"/>

== Founding St. Thomas ==

Jones established St. Thomas African Episcopal Church in 1794, the first Black Episcopal congregation in America. His pursuit of Episcopal orders—he was ordained deacon in 1795 and priest in 1802—made him the first African American priest in that denomination. The church he founded provided spiritual home for Black Philadelphians who preferred Episcopal worship while establishing institutional independence that Methodist affiliation might have compromised.<ref name="douglass"/>

His leadership during the 1793 yellow fever epidemic, alongside Allen, demonstrated service that racism would soon ignore or slander. When white Philadelphians fled the city and medical authorities could not contain the disease, Jones and Allen organized Black citizens to nurse the sick, remove the dead, and maintain services that would otherwise have collapsed. Their published response to subsequent accusations—that Black nurses had profiteered or been negligent—defended their community's honor against lies that served racist purposes.<ref name="nash"/>

His pastoral work at St. Thomas continued until his death, his leadership establishing the congregation as center of Black Philadelphia's religious and civic life. His sermons, some published during his lifetime, addressed both spiritual and social concerns, his opposition to slavery consistent with his own experience of bondage. The petition he led to Congress in 1800, opposing the slave trade and seeking gradual emancipation, demonstrated willingness to engage political authority despite the limitations that racism imposed.<ref name="douglass"/>

== Legacy ==

Absalom Jones died on February 13, 1818, his leadership having established institutions and precedents that served subsequent generations. St. Thomas African Episcopal Church, though later relocated, continues as active congregation that honors his founding. His feast day, February 13, is celebrated in the Episcopal Church's liturgical calendar, recognition that his denomination eventually provided to its pioneering Black priest. Jones represents what enslaved people could achieve when freedom and opportunity aligned, his Philadelphia career demonstrating abilities that bondage had suppressed but could not destroy.<ref name="nash"/>

== See Also ==
* [[St. Thomas African Episcopal Church]]
* [[Richard Allen]]
* [[Free African Society]]
* [[Philadelphia African American History]]

== References ==
<references />

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[[Category:People]]
[[Category:Civil Rights Leaders]]
[[Category:Religious Leaders]]
[[Category:African Americans]]
[[Category:18th Century]]